The global arms industry for the majority of the twentieth century had been running on a rather lopsided basis. Advanced weapons systems were developed, manufactured, and shipped by developed countries. Developing nations, regardless of the scale of their security challenges, were left without control to purchase what they were offered, usually paying a staggering toll financially and in politically problematic circumstances.

Since gaining independence, India's trade policy has concentrated on non-reliance and protectionism, setting it apart from other nations. The 35 years following independence were characterized by extremely high tariffs, strict import controls, and a complicated licensing system designed to promote rising Indian diligence while securing multitudinous sectors.

Globalisation is breaking into a multipolar world where technology, trade, and culture are reshaped by new power centres. Emerging economies like India, China, and Russia are building their own payment systems, digital networks, and trade routes. This shift offers both opportunities and risks, to stay connected yet self-reliant. Success in this fragmented global order will depend on trust, inclusion, innovation, and digital sovereignty.